Welcome to the enchanting world of traditional Colombian dance! Colombia, rich in cultural diversity and history, has given birth to a multitude of dances imbued with passion, rhythm and authenticity. Each region of the country has its own movements, enchanting music and vibrant costumes. From sensual Cumbia to the frenetic rhythms of Colombian Salsa, from the twirling Joropo of the plains to Afro-Colombian dances, this exploration will immerse you in the traditions and musical soul of Colombia. Get ready to vibrate to the sound of the drums, let yourself be carried away by the graceful movements and discover the richness of the dances that enliven this colorful country.
And a quick reminder: bachata and merengue originated in the Dominican Republic, samba in Brazil and rumba in Cuba, with roots in Africa, and tango in Argentina. Of course, you can also dance to these rhythms in Colombia, por supuesto!
The list below is not exhaustive. We could also mention the galéron, a Colombian and Venezuelan dance originating in the Llanos region; or the bëtsknaté, caderona or abozao. Colombia has around a hundred different traditional dances.
Colombian salsa (salsa caleña)
Colombian salsa is a lively, passionate variant of this musical and dance genre of Cuban origin. Unlike Cuban or Puerto Rican salsa, Colombian salsa has its own distinctive style. It’s often faster, with syncopated rhythms and more complex dance steps.
Originating in Cali, a city in the Cauca Valley, Colombian salsa reflects the vitality and warmth of the region. It is characterized by energetic movements, acrobatics and a strong connection between the dancers. Colombian salsa dancers are renowned for their agility, creativity and precision.
The music accompanying Colombian salsa is often played by a live orchestra. Traditional instruments such as the trumpet, saxophone, conga and bongo are used to create exhilarating rhythms. Lyrics cover a wide range of themes, from love to politics.
Colombian salsa is much more than just a dance. It’s a way of life in Cali, where there’s no shortage of salsa clubs, and where people dance passionately well into the night. Dance competitions, festivals and salsa schools are commonplace in the city.
Colombian salsa is an expression of the joie de vivre, sensuality and vitality of Colombian culture. It has found an echo around the world, attracting dancers from all over the globe who come to Cali to soak up the energy of Colombian salsa.
Cumbia
Cumbia is a traditional Colombian dance with its origins in African, Spanish and indigenous rhythms. This dance, which has evolved over time, is a captivating blend of graceful movements and haunting rhythms. It is characterized by simple, flowing steps, often performed in a circle, with elegant rotations and subtle hip movements.
Historically, cumbia dates back to the time of Spanish colonization in Latin America, when it developed among indigenous and African communities. Originally, it was accompanied by instruments such as the flute, drum and chacha. Over time, cumbia evolved to include modern instruments such as guitar, bass and accordion.
Cumbia is often associated with celebrations and festivities in Colombia, where it is appreciated for its simplicity and conviviality. Cumbia dancers are renowned for their elegance and fluidity, and for their ability to convey the joyful energy of this traditional dance.
Today, cumbia has become popular the world over, and its music and dance steps are often incorporated into festivals and cultural events. It continues to reflect Colombia’s identity and cultural diversity, while captivating music and dance fans with its upbeat rhythm and festive atmosphere.
Vallenato
Vallenato is a form of traditional Colombian dance and music originating in the coastal plains region of Colombia, particularly in the Valledupar region, where it is considered an essential element of cultural identity. Vallenato dance is closely associated with Vallenato music, which is performed with instruments such as the accordion, the caja (a type of drum) and the guacharaca (a percussion instrument).
Vallenato is a couple’s dance, characterized by graceful movements, rotations and synchronized displacements of the dancers. Vallenato music is often lyrical and poetic, telling stories of love, travel and daily life in Colombia. The dance reflects these themes, with movements that often evoke romance and nostalgia.
Vallenato has a rich history, dating back to the time of Spanish colonization and influenced by indigenous and African traditions. It has become a symbol of Colombian culture and was recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2015.
Today, Vallenato continues to be celebrated at festivals and competitions, including the Festival of the Vallenata Legend in Valledupar. Vallenato dance and music are a window into the Colombian soul, capturing the essence of the country’s life and passion in a captivating way.
Joropo
Joropo is a traditional Colombian dance that originated in the Llanos, the country’s vast eastern plains. The dance is a reflection of Colombia’s rural culture, and is characterized by its vitality, upbeat rhythm and dynamic movements.
Joropo is a couple dance that emphasizes the interaction between the dancer (or joropero) and the dancer (or joropera). Movements are fast and energetic, with jumps, pirouettes and complex dance steps. Dancers often wear traditional costumes, with long skirts for the women and cowboy hats for the men.
The music accompanying the Joropo is played on traditional instruments such as the harp, cuatro (a small four-string guitar) and maracas. The lyrics of the songs generally deal with themes linked to rural life, love and nature.
Joropo has deep roots in Colombian history, dating back to the time of Spanish colonization. It has evolved over time to become an emblematic dance of the llanera culture, which encompasses the eastern plains regions of Colombia and Venezuela.
Today, Joropo is celebrated at festivals, dance competitions and cultural events throughout the country. It embodies the authenticity of rural Colombia and offers a glimpse into the life and passion of the people of the eastern plains.
Mapalé
Mapalé is an Afro-Colombian (but also Ecuadorian) dance rooted in the Caribbean coast of Colombia, particularly in the regions of San Basilio de Palenque and Cartagena. This dance is a dazzling blend of rhythm, energy and history.
Mapalé is characterized by fast movements, jumps, twists and sensual hip thrusts. Dancers wear vibrant, colorful outfits, often inspired by African culture, with light fabrics and traditional motifs.
This dance has deep roots in African culture, brought to Colombia by African slaves during the colonial period. Mapalé is a way of expressing the identity and resilience of the Afro-Colombian community, while celebrating the connection with its African roots.
The music that accompanies Mapalé is often played with drums and percussion, creating a driving, hypnotic rhythm. Lyrics are often in African languages or Creole, reinforcing the links with African traditions.
Mapalé is a festive, social dance, often performed at festivals, carnivals and cultural celebrations in Colombia’s Caribbean region. It is a showcase for Afro-Colombian cultural heritage and the vitality of the Caribbean coast, and continues to attract attention for its energy and authenticity.
Porro
Porro is a traditional Colombian dance with its roots on the country’s Atlantic coast. It’s a lively couple dance that embodies the energy and joie de vivre of the region, and is sometimes considered a sub-genre of cumbia.
This dance is characterized by fast, rhythmic movements, with complex dance steps performed in tandem by the dancers. Movements include turns, jumps and syncopated footwork that adapt to the rhythm of the music. Dancers often wear colorful clothing and traditional costumes.
Porro music is played with traditional instruments such as clarinet, trombone, tuba, drum and cymbals. The rhythm is upbeat, and the melody is often fast-paced, encouraging the dancers to move energetically.
Porro has varied origins, with indigenous, African and Spanish influences. It has evolved over time to become an emblematic dance of Colombia’s Atlantic coast. It is often associated with celebrations, parties and festivals, and is an essential part of the region’s cultural identity.
Porro is a way for Colombians to celebrate their cultural heritage and share their joie de vivre with the world. It’s a dynamic dance that continues to be appreciated for its lively rhythm and festive spirit.
Bambuco
Bambuco is a traditional Colombian dance with deep roots in the country’s culture. It is a partner dance characterized by graceful movements, elaborate figures and traditional costumes.
Bambuco dancers often wear folk costumes, with long, elegant dresses for the women and traditional outfits for the men. Movements are slow and measured, with rotations, complex dance steps and expressive gestures.
The music that accompanies Bambuco is played on traditional instruments such as the guitar, the tiple (a small 12-string guitar), and the requinto (a type of guitar). The lyrics are often lyrical, telling stories of love, nature and rural life in Colombia.
Bambuco has deep roots in Colombian history, dating back to the time of Spanish colonization. It has evolved over time to become an emblematic dance of Colombian culture, with different variations in different parts of the country.
Today, Bambuco is celebrated at festivals, dance competitions and cultural events throughout Colombia. It embodies the grace, tradition and elegance of Colombian dance, offering a glimpse into the country’s history and culture.
Champeta
Champeta is a Colombian dance from the country’s Caribbean coast, embodying the energy and vitality of the region. Influenced by African rhythms, it is a dynamic blend of dance and music.
Champeta is a partner dance, characterized by fast movements, jumps and exuberant dance steps. Dancers often improvise their movements, creating an atmosphere of spontaneity and self-expression. Costumes are often casual, reflecting the Afro-Caribbean influence.
The music that accompanies the Champeta is played on instruments such as guitar, tambo, congas and maracas. The rhythms are lively and festive, with African and Caribbean melodies.
Champeta has Afro-Colombian origins, resulting from the interaction between African slaves and indigenous and Spanish populations. It has become a symbol of Colombia’s Caribbean culture, embodying the region’s joie de vivre and spontaneity.
Champeta dance has grown in popularity beyond Colombia, becoming a worldwide phenomenon. It is often associated with street parties, festivals and social events, where dancers come together to share their passion for this vibrant, festive dance.
Currulao
Currulao is a traditional Colombian dance from the country’s Pacific coast, a region characterized by its rich cultural diversity and Afro-Colombian heritage. This dance is a vibrant tribute to the history, nature and culture of the Pacific coast.
Currulao is a couple dance, performed with elegant, flowing movements. Dancers often wear traditional costumes, reflecting the African influence, with colorful dresses for the women and casual outfits for the men. Movements are slow and graceful, evoking the gentleness of ocean waves.
The music accompanying the Currulao is played on traditional instruments such as the cununo (a conical drum), the guasá (a percussion instrument), and the marimba (a wooden keyboard instrument). The rhythms are hypnotic and resonate with the soul of the Pacific coast.
Currulao has deep roots in the region’s history, linked to the arrival of African slaves during the colonial period. It has become a symbol of Afro-Colombian culture on the Pacific coast, embodying the resilience and cultural expression of this community.
Today, Currulao is celebrated at festivals and cultural events in the region, as well as throughout Colombia. This captivating dance continues to reflect the cultural richness of the Pacific coast, offering a glimpse into the beauty and authenticity of this unique region.
Sanjuanero
The Sanjuanero is a traditional Colombian dance that embodies the country’s festive spirit and joie de vivre. Originating in the Andean region, the Sanjuanero is a couple’s dance featuring graceful movements, jumps and elaborate figures.
Sanjuanero dancers often wear traditional outfits, with colorful dresses for the women and elegant suits for the men. Dance movements are synchronized with the music, creating a lively, festive atmosphere.
The music accompanying the Sanjuanero is often played on traditional instruments such as the harp, tiple (a small 12-string guitar) and maracas. The rhythms are upbeat, and the lyrics are often poetic, recounting stories of love and daily life.
The Sanjuanero has deep roots in Colombian history, dating back to the time of Spanish colonization. It has become an essential part of traditional celebrations, notably the feast of San Juan, an important celebration in many parts of Colombia.
Today, Sanjuanero is celebrated at festivals, dance competitions and cultural events throughout the country. It embodies the authenticity of Colombia’s Andean culture, offering a glimpse into the history, music and dance that animate the lives of Colombians.
Fandango
Fandango is a traditional Colombian dance with origins in the Caribbean region. This joyful dance is a blend of African, indigenous and Spanish rhythms, reflecting Colombia’s cultural diversity.
Fandango is a couple’s dance, characterized by fast movements and jumps, often performed with infectious energy. The dancers wear colorful costumes and elegant dresses for the women, while the men sport traditional outfits.
The music that accompanies the Fandango is played with instruments such as guitar, tiple (a small 12-string guitar), maracas and drums. The rhythms are upbeat, creating a lively, festive atmosphere.
Fandango has deep historical roots, dating back to the time of Spanish colonization in Latin America. It has become an emblematic dance of Colombia’s Caribbean coast, where it is often performed at festivals, carnivals and cultural celebrations.
Today, Fandango continues to captivate dance lovers in Colombia and beyond. It embodies the vitality, cultural diversity and joie de vivre of the Caribbean region. Fandango dance and music are a celebration of Colombia’s cultural identity, offering a glimpse into the rich history and traditions of this colorful country.
Bullerengue
Bullerengue is a traditional dance and musical genre originating in the coastal region of Colombia, particularly the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. This dance is a vibrant reflection of Afro-Colombian culture and its deep African roots.
Bullerengue is a group dance characterized by rhythmic movements and powerful singing. Dancers and singers form a circle, and movements consist of lateral shifts, pelvic jerks and hand movements synchronized with the music. Costumes are often colorful, reflecting the African influence.
Bullerengue music is played with traditional instruments such as the drum, maracas, guache (a percussion instrument) and cununo (a conical drum). The rhythms are upbeat, and the songs often tell stories of everyday life, love and nature.
Bullerengue has deep roots in Colombian history, as a cultural expression of Afro-Colombian communities. It is often performed at festivals and cultural celebrations, as a celebration of Afro-Colombian identity and community resilience.
Bullerengue is a living heritage of Colombia, offering a glimpse of the country’s cultural and musical richness, while celebrating the African roots that have helped forge the nation’s soul.
Garabato
Garabato is a traditional Colombian dance that originated in the north of the country, particularly in the Caribbean region. This dance, steeped in African and indigenous cultural heritage, is a vibrant expression of Colombia’s cultural diversity.
Garabato is a group dance characterized by acrobatic movements and elaborate figures. Dancers wear colorful costumes and masks, often depicting animals or mythical characters. Dance moves include jumps, pirouettes and synchronized movements, creating a dynamic, festive atmosphere.
The music accompanying the Garabato is played on traditional instruments such as the tambora (a double-skinned drum), the guache (a percussion instrument) and the llamador (a wind instrument). The rhythms are fast and rhythmic, encouraging the dancers to move with energy.
Garabato has deep historical roots, dating back to the time of Spanish colonization in Latin America. It has become an essential part of traditional celebrations, notably carnivals and festivals in the Caribbean region.
Today, Garabato is celebrated at festivals and cultural events throughout Colombia. It embodies the authenticity of Caribbean coast culture, offering a glimpse of the cultural richness and vitality of this unique region.
Jota Chocoana
Jota Chocoana is a traditional Colombian dance from the department of Chocó, on the country’s Pacific coast. The dance is steeped in the region’s Afro-Colombian and indigenous heritage, and is a vibrant testament to Chocó’s unique cultural identity.
Jota Chocoana is a couple’s dance, characterized by rhythmic, sensual movements. Dancers hold each other tightly and execute syncopated hip movements, creating an atmosphere of seduction and passion. Traditional costumes reflect the African influence, with colorful dresses for the women and elegant outfits for the men.
The music accompanying the Jota Chocoana is played on traditional instruments such as the drum, guache (a percussion instrument), marimba (a wooden keyboard instrument) and cununo (a conical drum). The rhythms are lively, encouraging the dancers to move with energy and grace.
Jota Chocoana is deeply rooted in the history of Chocó, where the Afro-Colombian population has preserved and celebrated its culture through this dance. It is often performed at festivals and cultural celebrations in the region, offering a glimpse of the cultural richness and passion that characterizes Colombia’s Pacific coast.
Guabina
Guabina is a traditional Colombian dance originating in the Andes region, particularly in the departments of Antioquia, Santander, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Tolima, and Huila. This dance is a testimony to the history and culture of this mountainous region.
The Guabina rhythm includes dancers, but it can also be played without them. A faster version of the guabina is called Torbellino. Another type of guabina, known as guabina-torbellino, is a mixture of instrumental torbellino and sung guabina, particularly in its a cappella format. The guabina is especially popular in rural communities. Traditional costumes reflect the Spanish influence, with elegant dresses for women and shirts and pants for men.
Guabina has deep historical roots, dating back to the time of Spanish colonization of Latin America, probably from the late 18th century onwards. It has become an emblematic dance of the Colombian Andes, expressing the beauty and serenity of these mountains.
Today, Guabina is performed at festivals, dance competitions and cultural celebrations, particularly in the Cundinamarca region. This dance is a celebration of Colombia’s nature, music and culture, offering a glimpse of the authenticity and serenity of the Andes region.
Farotas
Farotas, also known as “Las Farotas Caribeñas,” are a traditional dance from the Caribbean region of Colombia. Although less well known than some other Colombian dances, this dance is an essential part of the country’s Caribbean culture.
It’s a tradition from the department of Bolívar, performed by men in women’s costumes, commemorating the legend of the Farota warriors who, in colonial times, avenged their wives, tired of being raped by the Spaniards, and decided to dress like them in order to honor them.
Farotas Caribeñas are usually performed by a group of dancers wearing colorful costumes and carved wooden masks depicting human faces or mythical creatures. The dancers hold wooden sticks, traditionally used to harvest cassava, and perform synchronized, rhythmic movements.
The music accompanying the Farotas is played on traditional instruments such as the flute, drum, guache (a percussion instrument) and maracas. The rhythms are fast and lively, creating a festive atmosphere.
Sere se-se
This dance originated on the Antioquia coast. Afro-descendant miners from the Zamora region used to dance it in pairs. Women and men line up and carry lit torches, representing the day’s work.
Also known as mapalé del negro, it is performed with bent feet. The dance movements imitate the work of miners in the galleries. The dancers form a circle and perform rhythmic, energetic movements.
During their performance, the men and women wear their traditional work costumes and light torches. The performers line up to illustrate the end of the working day with a descriptive pantomime. In this dance, various scenes are depicted, highlighting the stages of searching, shaking, washing and transporting the precious metal to the stoves. The usual tableau ends with erotic and belly movements.
